It’s been a while, but I think I just snapped in half with my fingers. I’d never use a knife, in any case, since pill splitters are cheap and far more safe and reliable.

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I have several - like 6-8 - pill splitters lying around somewhere, but I’m too lazy to pull them out, so I just use a knife😅. No issues. But I do a bit of woodworking as a hobby, so I’m handy with sharp tools, and have a decent eye for measuring. So far so good (on one occasion, I had half the pill pop across the counter and into the sink, lol). YMMV.

Yesterday’s Attia podcast did a deep dive into SGLT2s.

He was interviewing Ralph DeFronzo who developed them. He was also pivotal in bringing metformin to the US. I learned a lot

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There’s a lot here to learn. I’ll have to go back and listen again. And probably chrck out this guy’s papers.

As an aside, I’ve been wanting Attia to dive a lot more into GLP1 agonists, and this episode is the closest thing to a deep dive that I’ve heard from him. I did not like his alarmist take from 2 years ago on muscle loss and this class of medication.

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Podcast timestamps for highlights


Dangers of too much insulin to manage glucose

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#5 in “Ominous Octet”: GLP1 and GIP hormones account for 70% of insulin released at meals

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Actose (Pioglitoazone) to treat T2D insulin resistance directly

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Metformin to treat T2D not very effective, but can’t really hurt unless you get GI side effects from it

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Triple Therapy for treating T2D (ie don’t follow the ADA approach which doesn’t treat insulin resistance and Sulfonylureas burn out the pancreas and stop working)

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GLP-1s and GIPs (semaglutide & tirzepatide… With retatrutide in phase 3 FDA trials)

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Any concerns with long term health using GLP-1s? No, but go slow titrating up to avoid GI issues and work on not losing lean muscle mass by strength training


What has changed in the last 30years that has driven the obesity epidemic? Both environment and genetics. And diabetes can be caused by so many different defects in so many organs, it’s “too easy” to develop in our environment (epigenetic defects)

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:warning: TLDR: GLP-1 + Pioglitoazone (+ Metformin doesn’t hurt) for best treatment of T2D

And that every PCP medical professional reads to these studies: Unsupported browser

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This was one of my favorite all-time Attia podcasts. I was riveted the entire time, and I definitely plan to give it a 2nd listen.

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I’m so pleased to hear you enjoyed it as much as I did. And yessss, I have started my second listen to absorb the parts I missed!

Even Attia was learning throughout the entire podcast. That doesn’t always happen.

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