#1

Irisin has been getting increasingly good research results the past few years.

This one in mice suggests that irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, may help alleviate ageing-associated chronic diseases.

Recombinant irisin protein administered intraperitoneally in ageing mice alleviated ageing-associated sarcopenia and metabolic disorders, including adiposity, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance and fatty liver.

FNDC5/irisin deficiency in aged mice showed exacerbated muscle wasting.

Irisin ameliorates age-associated sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction

Open access paper:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcsm.13141

More info:

Related Reading

From: https://www.alzdiscovery.org/cognitive-vitality/researchers

Irisin_1.pdf (559.2 KB)

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#2

How do we increase our Irisin levels? I would love to postpone sarcopenia.

#3

Irisin, a newly described hormone released from skeletal muscles after exercise

At first glance, it would appear that exercise is a starting place.

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#4

It seems like either you exercise, or you buy it:

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/srp8039

#5

I am cautiously optimistic that this is a safer approach than steroids or sarms which bind to the androgen receptor. Cautious because what happens to endogenous myokine production when we introduce exogenous myokines? People thought sarms were safe at first, but only 1 mg per day of lgd 4033 will tank a manā€™s natural testosterone production.

#6

More good news about Irisin:

As reported in the journal Neuron, the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)ā€“led team has uncovered promising results suggesting that irisin-based therapies might help combat AD.

Physical exercise has been shown to reduce amyloid beta deposits in various mouse models of AD, but the mechanisms involved have remained a mystery.

Exercise increases circulating levels of the muscle-derived hormone irisin, which regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in fat tissue and increases energy expenditure by accelerating the browning of white fat tissue.

Research Paper:

  1. Eunhee Kim, Hyeonwoo Kim, Mark P. Jedrychowski, Grisilda Bakiasi, Joseph Park, Jane Kruskop, Younjung Choi, Sang Su Kwak, Luisa Quinti, Doo Yeon Kim, Christiane D. Wrann, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Se Hoon Choi. Irisin reduces amyloid-Ī² by inducing the release of neprilysin from astrocytes following downregulation of ERK-STAT3 signaling. Neuron, 2023; DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.012
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#7

From the Alzheimerā€™s Forum: (and of course, you could just buy the irisin).

Sit Less, Move More to Induce Irisin and Stave Off Dementia

Physical activity staves off dementia, but does that mean being sedentary makes cognitive decline more likely? Yes, according to David Raichlen, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, and colleagues. In the September 12 JAMA, the scientists reported that, among almost 50,000 people, being inactive for 15 hours per day tripled dementia risk over seven years compared to the groupā€™s average of nine hours of sitting a day.

ā€œSitting all day long deteriorates pretty much all biological systems in the body, including the brain,ā€ wrote Borja del Pozo Cruz, University of Southern Denmark in Odense, to Alzforum (comment below).

The study implies that exercise benefits the brain. ā€œMoving and engaging in physical activities as much as possible is very important for physical and cognitive health in old age,ā€ wrote Kumar Rajan, Rush University, Chicago.

Read the full, in-depth story on the Alzforum Website:

https://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/sit-less-move-more-induce-irisin-and-stave-dementia

Leitura Relacionada:

https://www.massgeneral.org/news/press-release/the-hormone-irisin-is-found-to-confer-benefits-of-exercise-on-cognitive-function

Optimal Irisin Dosingā€¦

Results:

Eleven of the total 391 qualifying studies were included. A daily injection of 500 Ī¼g/kg irisin may be the optimum dose of effect in mice and rats.

Conclusion:

More studies are required to determine the optimum dose of irisin to be used as a therapeutic intervention based on animal model.

Suppliers:

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/srp8039

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#8

Some caution may be in order : The myth of Irisin

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep08889

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#9

ā€œA striking feature of these investigations was the vast variation of reported irisin levels, differing by orders of magnitude even in healthy subjects. This was the case for results obtained with tests from different manufacturers but also with the same test from a single supplier used in different laboratories. More than 80 studies have been published with irisin levels ranging between 0.01 and more than 2,000 ng/mL in human serum or plasma.ā€

Perhaps Irisin isnā€™t key, but exercise is.

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#10

Irisin Shows Potential as Alzheimerā€™s Disease Biomarker

Irisin levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are significantly lower among patients with Alzheimerā€™s disease, and levels positively correlate with amyloid beta 1-42 (Abeta42), increasing support for this emerging Alzheimerā€™s disease biomarker, according to investigators.

Irisin, a hormone released by muscles during physical exercise, also negatively correlated with Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) in female patients, pointing to a sex-specific disease phenomenon, reported by co-lead authors Manuela Dicarlo, PhD, and Patrizia Pignataro, MSc, of the University of Bari ā€œA. Moro,ā€ Bari, Italy, and colleagues.

Regular physical exercise can slow cognitive decline in individuals at risk for or with Alzheimerā€™s disease, and irisin appears to play a key role in this process, the investigators wrote in Annals of Neurology. Previous studies have shown that increased irisin levels in the brain are associated with improved cognitive function and reduced amyloid beta levels, suggesting the hormoneā€™s potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for Alzheimerā€™s disease.

https://www.mdedge.com/neurology/article/269489/alzheimers-cognition/irisin-shows-potential-alzheimers-disease-biomarker

Open Access Paper:

Irisin Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlate with Biomarkers and Clinical Dementia Scores in Alzheimer Disease

Interestingly, studies on mouse AD models revealed that the FNDC5/irisin levels were reduced in the hippocampus of mice that developed memory deficits, whereas the increase of the circulating and/or brain irisin levels increased the synaptic plasticity, improving memory and cognitive performance.20, 21 Furthermore, cognitive and memory dysfunctions were observed in global FNDC5 knockout mice.22 In parallel with these results, human studies showed the presence of decreased levels of FNDC5/irisin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in postmortem samples of patients affected by AD

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ana.26946

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#11

Iā€™m not sure Iā€™d trust this paper out of China, but interesting results:

Serum Irisin Levels are Inversely Correlated with Acute Ischaemic Stroke Incidence: Implications for Early Diagnosis in Southern China

Objective: This study aimed to examine the correlation and prognostic value of serum irisin levels in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and the subsequent development of hemiplegia.
Methods: This study recruited participants from the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine at Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University. The Fuglā€“Meyer Assessment was used to assess functional impairment. Serum irisin levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to explore the factors related to serum irisin levels and AIS.
Results: Serum irisin levels in the AIS group were significantly lower than those in the control group. However, no significant association was observed between serum irisin and stroke severity within the AIS cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an inverse correlation between serum irisin levels and AIS risk, indicating that it serves as a protective factor against AIS. The increase in serum irisin levels (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.938, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.899ā€“ 0.977 per 100 pg/mL increment) was associated with a decreased risk of AIS. Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve confirmed the diagnostic value of serum irisin for AIS, with the area under the curve being 0.591 (95% CI: 0.522ā€“ 0.659, p = 0.012).
Conclusion: Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in AIS and were identified as a protective factor, suggesting that serum irisin may have diagnostic value for AIS.

Open Access Paper:

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#12

As discussed in a previous thread, PGC-1a has similar properties. Boosts energy, reduces pain, retards aging, and provides neuroprotection. Induced by exercise, fasting, low temperatures.

#13

Irisin in degenerative musculoskeletal diseases: Functions in system and potential in therapy

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Open Access Paper:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661824004250?via%3Dihub

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#14

New open access paper:

Evolutionary Insights into Irisin / FNDC5: Roles in Aging and Disease from Drosophila to Mammals

The Irisin/FNDC5 protein family has emerged as a pivotal link between exercise and the prevention of age-associated diseases. Irisin is highly expressed during exercise from skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, playing a critical role in mediating systemic health benefits through its actions on various tissues. However, Irisin levels decline with age, correlating with a heightened incidence of diseases such as muscle weakness, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegeneration. Notably, the administration of Irisin has shown significant potential in both preventing and treating these conditions. Recently, an Irisin/FNDC5 homolog was identified in an invertebrate Drosophila model, providing valuable insights into its conserved role in exercise physiology. Importantly, Irisin/FNDC5 has been demonstrated to regulate autophagyā€”a process essential for clearing excessive nutrients, toxic aggregates, and dysfunctional organellesā€”in both flies and mammals. Dysregulated autophagy is often implicated in age-related diseases, highlighting its relevance to Irisin/FNDC5ā€™s functions. These findings deepen our understanding of Irisin/FNDC5ā€™s roles and its potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating aging-related health decline. Further studies are needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which Irisin regulates autophagy and its broader impact on physiological aging and related diseases.

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#15

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175646462300302X#:~:text=Regular%20exercise%20has%20been%20shown,-FNDC5-Irisin%20signaling%20pathway.

Caffeine promotes the production of Irisin in muscles and thus facilitates the browning of white adipose tissue

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#16

Irisin levels are boosted by the use of vibration plates. I donā€™t remember the source for this but I remember reading it in a paper so confirm on PubMed.

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