There is increasing appreciation that sex differences are not limited to reproductive organs or traits related to reproduction and that sex is an important biological variable in most characteristics of a living organism. The biological process of aging and aging-related traits are no exception and exhibit numerous, often major, sex differences. This article explores one aspect of these differences, namely sex differences in the responses to anti-aging interventions. Aging can be slowed down and/or postponed by a variety of environmental (“lifestyle”), genetic or pharmacological interventions. Although many, particularly older studies utilized only one sex of experimental animals, there is considerable evidence that responses to these interventions can be very different in females and males. Calorie restriction (CR), that is reducing food intake without malnutrition can extend longevity in both sexes, but specific metabolic alterations and health benefits induced by CR are not the same in women and men. In laboratory mice, several of the genetic alterations that reduce insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) signaling extend longevity more effectively in females or in females only. Beneficial effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR signaling, on mouse longevity are greater in females. In contrast, several anti-aging compounds, including a weak estrogen, 17 alpha estradiol, extend longevity of male, but not female, mice. Apparently, fundamental mechanisms of aging are not identical in females and males and it is essential to use both sexes in studies aimed at identifying novel anti-aging interventions. Recommendations for lifestyle modifications, drugs, and dietary supplements to maintain good health and functionality into advanced age and to live longer will likely need to be tailored to the sex of the user.

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Take a leisurely walk around any retirement community and you’re bound to see some real gender imbalance, and that’s not likely to change any time soon. New research out of Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and UC San Francisco found that the gap between how long men live and how long women live has been widening for more than a decade.

As of 2021 (the latest year there’s data for), women live an average of 5.8 years longer than men. That’s up a year from 2010 and making the gender longevity gap the largest it’s been since 1996.

The researchers were able to pinpoint the reasons why. The biggies: cardiovascular disease, cancer, opioid use, and suicide. COVID didn’t help matters either. At least 65,000 more men have died from the virus than women. This is primarily due to the fact that men are more likely to be homeless, locked up, and work in occupations putting them at higher risk for contracting the virus.

Yes, That Weird Mole On Your Back Needs to Be Looked At

Geller says that his research has unearthed something else that surprised him: Men die significantly more from melanoma than women. He says that the reason why this stuck out to him is because, when caught early, melanoma deaths are rare. “Two out of every three melanoma deaths are in men. This is so fascinating because it is more due to behavior than biology,” Geller says.

What does he mean? Women are more likely to wear sunscreen, for one. Women are more likely to be proactive about their health too—including getting suspicious moles checked out by their derm. One-third of men don’t get annual check-ups and 55% of men don’t see a doctor for regular health screenings. If you want to lower your risk of melanoma—a cancer that more men are dying of than women—wear sunscreen, check your body for any changing moles, and if anything does look suspicious, see a doctor about it. It sounds simple, but it just might save your life.

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