Here is a rather interesting study of rate of aging in the older demographic of 70+. The interventions were daily omega 3, vitamin D and Simple Home Exercise either singly or in combination, with separate arms and controls. Both men and women. Pace of aging was using epigenetic clocks, but in a fairly sophisticated way with good analysis of biomarkers - the clocks were tested individually and collectively.
The biggest impact was omega 3. Adding vitamin D and exercise had a signal in only one clock. The DO-HEALTH study itself had some interesting findings, with important benefits against rate of infections (13%), (pre)frailty (39%), invasive cancer (61%) and falls (10%).
I’m generally skeptical of epigenetic clocks, but here I found the discussion of the clocks of different generations and mode of utilization quite illuminating.
Individual and additive effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise on DNA methylation clocks of biological aging in older adults from the DO-HEALTH trial
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00793-y
“While observational studies and small pilot trials suggest that vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise may slow biological aging, larger clinical trials testing these treatments individually or in combination are lacking. Here, we report the results of a post hoc analysis among 777 participants of the DO-HEALTH trial on the effect of vitamin D (2,000 IU per day) and/or omega-3 (1 g per day) and/or a home exercise program on four next-generation DNA methylation (DNAm) measures of biological aging (PhenoAge, GrimAge, GrimAge2 and DunedinPACE) over 3 years. Omega-3 alone slowed the DNAm clocks PhenoAge, GrimAge2 and DunedinPACE, and all three treatments had additive benefits on PhenoAge. Overall, from baseline to year 3, standardized effects ranged from 0.16 to 0.32 units (2.9–3.8 months). In summary, our trial indicates a small protective effect of omega-3 treatment on slowing biological aging over 3 years across several clocks, with an additive protective effect of omega-3, vitamin D and exercise based on PhenoAge.”
“In the DO-HEALTH trial including all 2,157 participants, we reported that omega-3 alone reduced the rate of infections by 13% (ref. 22) and the rate of falls by 10% (ref. 23), and all three interventions combined had a significant additive benefit on reducing prefrailty by 39% (ref. 24) and incident invasive cancer by 61% (ref. 25) over a 3-year follow-up.”
