#45

You will see in the future that you comment above is totally incorrect.

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#46

It is proven that apoB is mechanistically involved in atherosclerosis, and there is a perfect log linear relation between achieved levels and heart disease risk. That’s why I should lower to the levels that has been shown to still contribute to a reduction in heart disease risk.

I will take you more seriously if you show that you’ve lowered your apoB to levels that has shown clinical benefits in trials in humans, yet you still do other interventions to reduce your heart disease risk.

#47

Some arteriosclerotic plaques in biopsies don’t contain any apoB particles.

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#48

So what do those plaques contain then?
If you say cholesterol, how did that cholesterol get there?

#49

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“Recall total apoB = VDL-apoB + LDL-apoB. Eliminating LDL-apoB (LDL-P) has few if any consequences but one does not want to eliminate VLDL-apoB (VLDL-P) as they export fat (TG) from liver (without that fatty liver can occur) and also fat-soluble vitamins - thus abetalipoproteinemia is not good.”

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F6zY1BhXwAAwgQj2096×1527 122 KB

(Mutation = lifelong increase that is not an assosciation but causality).
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From drlipid on twitter.

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#50

Do your research, don’t be too fixated on one element.
I was trying to make a point there are multiple ways of atherogenesis, not only apoB particles.
Have an open mind, cause you know even the Mendelian randomization studies designs rely on very strong assumptions and thus do not necessarily produce more valid results. And you base (or doctors you trust) base this hypothesis on them.
And I am not saying apoB don’t cause ASCVD, just that viewing ASCVD just trough apoB is really reductive and incomplete.

3 Likes
#51

Why don’t you answer the question or address it?

#52

E.g. oxygenated phospholipids

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#53

Do you have a source for that?

#54

Just to be clear it’s not proven that the low levels as mentioned above will make atherosclerosis not happen as said in the language “probably”, but there is risk reduction from lowering there, and it’s not a large stretch.

1 Like
#55

Here’s a new one.

Higher creatinine-to-cystatin-C ratios indicate better health status and are strongly associated with lower mortality risk regardless of the kidney function level.

Serum Creatinine-to-Cystatin-C Ratio as a Potential Muscle Mass Surrogate and Racial Differences in Mortality

Conclusions

Higher creatinine-to-cystatin-C ratios indicate better health status and are strongly associated with lower mortality risk regardless of the kidney function level, and the relation was similar for both black and nonblack veterans, but with different strengths of effect across racial groups. Thereby, use of a fixed race coefficient in estimating kidney function may be biased.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1051227621002946

3 Likes
#56

GGT is interesting
 Today I stumbled upon some info about GGT as a useful biomarker. The first paper is about glutathione, and speaks to GGT as a marker of glutathione status. It also says

“GGT as Measure of Glutathione Need: GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) is upregulated in proportion to the need for glutathione [
] Increases in GGT correlate with many diseases: metabolic syndrome, both fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) events, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, and carotid intima-media thickness.[
] Of particular note, these are elevations of GGT within the supposedly “normal” range. For example, men with a GGT of 40 to 50 have a 20-fold increased risk of diabetes. Research also shows a GGT 30 to 40—well within the normal range—is associated with a doubling of the risk of all-cause mortality” Glutathione! - PMC

A second paper dives into the many diseases implicated by GGT. Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Activity (GGT) Is a Long-Sought Biomarker of Redox Status in Blood Circulation: A Retrospective Clinical Study of 44 Types of Human Diseases

My first GGT test was a few weeks ago (13 U/L – normal range 3-70 U/L). I had never looked into it before that. If you have a high but normal GGT, it might be worth investigating.

3 Likes
#57

Did anyone do this? (Extra characters)

#58

Others that I’d add:

  • IGF-1
  • Core body temperature

And given that you care about cardiovascular and neurological health:

  • Homocysteine
2 Likes
#59

HRV as a measure of biological age?

https://paloaltoprize.com/prize-two/

“The $500,000 Palo Alto Homeostatic Capacity Prize will be awarded to the first team to demonstrate that it can restore homeostatic capacity (using heart rate variability as the surrogate measure) of an aging reference mammal to that of a young adult.”

Anyone heard of this program. They are using HRV to assess biological age. I had not heard of this before.

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#60

I have heard about this. I find my HRV quite variable (mainly dependent upon how much alcohol I have been drinking which varies between nothing for a few days and quite a lot on multiple days in sequence).

1 Like
#61

It’s an interesting idea. Heart rate is determined by so many factors
many of which are indicators of health status. The challenge is that HRV is so sensitive that measuring changes related to any targeted change can be confounded easily. I’m very interested in this
I am now using HRV biofeedback to help me bridge to a meditation practice.

Some factors:

  • Devices: fingertip, ring, wrist, chest strap
  • Phone apps: error correction, conversion of standard algorithms to proprietary indexes (0-100)
  • Different algorithms 
what should we use?
  • Time of day: during sleep, 1st thing upon wakeup, other
  • Body position: laying flat, laying on side, sitting, standing
  • Drug interactions: beta blockers, BP medications, caffeine, nicotine, ?
  • Breathing method: nasal vs. mouth, paced vs. natural

Aside from improved health, how to improve our HRV scores?

  • Resonance breathing
  • Co2 tolerance training
  • Nasal breathing (mouth taping, nasal breathing while exercising)
  • NO (lower BP, improved blood flow)
from diet and supplementation
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#62

I think it is really hard to compare HRV measured on one device to that measured on another. It is also possible for it to vary a lot depending upon the autonomous nervous system.

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#63

I really like the first paragraph of the article. It describes the aging process exactly as I have experienced it.
"WHAT IS HOMEOSTATIC CAPACITY?

Homeostatic capacity is the capability of systems to self-stabilize in response to stressors. A simple way to visualize homeostatic capacity is to imagine a WeebleTM, the popular self-centering children’s toy. For organisms, it is life’s foundational trait—itself comprised of a hierarchy and network of traits—endowed by nature and shaped by selection. Because the trait is inborn and so pervasively effective, feeling healthy feels like “nothing” when we are young. We become aware of it only after we start losing it midlife. Roller-coaster rides begin to leave us nauseated instead of joyous. We can’t tolerate hot or cold weather like before. Sunny days feel too bright and reading menus in low lights becomes more difficult. Recovering from stressors—a late night, hangover, or injury—suddenly take far longer than it used to, if at all. Consider changes that wecan’t feel. When we are young, homeostatic capacity returns elevated blood glucose and blood pressure to base levels. As homeostatic capacity erodes with age, those levels may no longer self-tune. We call these conditions diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Indeed, the panoply of ailments associated with aging may be epiphenomena of eroding homeostatic capacity. If so, could restoring homeostatic capacity end or reverse aging?"

3 Likes
#64

I would think it is moreso that if you deal with the problems that cause aging (or at least most of them) you will reinstate homeostatic capacity and see how this has happened in test results. I don’t personally think HRV is the best of these to use as it is so variable on a number of bases.

However, the principle is good.

2 Likes